METABOLIC / FDA APPROVED
P21 (Peptide)
Subcutaneous injection (weekly), Oral (daily - Rybelsus)
Peptide Association LLC is a for-profit company. We receive compensation from the clinical providers listed on this site. We are not an accrediting body, a licensing board, or a government-affiliated organization. See exactly how we make money.
Written by
Peptide Association Editorial Team
Medically reviewed by
Ian Justl Ellis, MD, CPT
Last reviewed
August 3, 2026
Overview
A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) with 94% amino acid homology to native GLP-1. Semaglutide enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, delays gastric emptying, and acts on hypothalamic GLP-1 receptors to reduce appetite.
Mechanism of Action
Its fatty acid side chain enables albumin binding, extending its half-life to approximately 7 days.
​Research Summary & Key Findings
STEP trials demonstrated ~15% mean body weight reduction. SELECT trial (2023) showed 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in overweight/obese adults without diabetes. FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic) and chronic weight management (Wegovy).
Clinical Status
FDA APPROVED
Semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy) has received FDA approval and is available for clinical use under appropriate medical supervision. Consult a qualified healthcare provider for prescribing information.
Administration Routes
Subcutaneous injection (weekly)
Oral (daily - Rybelsus)
References
PRIMARY LITERATURE
PRIMARY LITERATUREPeer-reviewed literature indexed by the National Library of Medicine.
Registered interventional and observational studies, including status and phase.
Chemical structure, molecular properties, and bioactivity data.
Study-level citations for this compound are being verified against the primary sources before publication. The database queries above return the current indexed literature in the meantime.
Administration Routes
METABOLIC
Semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy)
METABOLIC
An investigational triple hormone receptor agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. The glucagon receptor component adds…
METABOLIC
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound)
A first-in-class dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Tirzepatide activates both incretin pathways…
METABOLIC
AOD-9604
A modified 16-amino acid fragment (amino acids 176-191) of the C-terminus of human growth hormone with an added tyrosine at the N-terminus. AOD-9604…
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and research purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any peptide therapy. The Peptide Association does not endorse or recommend any specific treatment protocol. See our editorial policy for how this content is produced and reviewed.