Longevity
NAD+ Precursors (NMN)
Subcutaneous injection (weekly), Oral (daily - Rybelsus)
Overview
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a direct biosynthetic precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme essential for cellular metabolism, DNA repair (via sirtuins and PARPs), and circadian rhythm regulation.
Mechanism of Action
NAD+ levels decline with age, and NMN supplementation restores tissue NAD+ levels, activating SIRT1-mediated pathways that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress resistance.
​Research Summary & Key Findings
Long-term NMN administration improved age-related physiological decline in mice including insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and physical activity (Mills et al., Cell Metabolism, 2016). Human clinical trial showed increased NAD+ metabolites and improved muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women (Yoshino et al., Science, 2021). Multiple Phase 2 trials ongoing.
Clinical Status
In Clinical Trials
NAD+ Precursors (NMN) is currently undergoing clinical trials. It is not yet FDA-approved and is available only through clinical research settings or investigational protocols.
Administration Routes
Intravenous
Oral (daily)
References
PRIMARY LITERATURE
PRIMARY LITERATUREPeer-reviewed literature indexed by the National Library of Medicine.
Registered interventional and observational studies, including status and phase.
Chemical structure, molecular properties, and bioactivity data.
Study-level citations for this compound are being verified against the primary sources before publication. The database queries above return the current indexed literature in the meantime.
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